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American Independent Writers (AIW) was an American trade organization for professional writers. It existed from 1975 until about 2011, when, due to dwindling membership and financial problems, it went out of business. It was formed as the Washington Independent Writers (WIW) in 1975 by a group of freelance writers in the Washington DC area to address concerns over finding health insurance, job searching, and to provide social opportunities to help writers overcome isolation. Its first meetings were held in the National Press Club.〔("History of AIW" ) American Independent Writers official site. Retrieved 2011-11-28.〕 The first meeting, in April 1975, was attended by 200 people.〔 By 1987, WIW was the largest regional writers' group in the country.〔("Writers Say Tax Changes Ruining Incomes" ), by David Vesey, UPI, ''The Durant Daily Democrat'', August 5, 1987. Online at Google News. Also as ("New Taxhttp://news.google.com/nwshp?hl=en&tab=wn Rules May Put Writers Out of Business" ), ''Schenectady Gazette'', August 7, 1987.〕 In 2004, it had 1500 members.〔 Originally WIW provided services including "a monthly newsletter, Job Bank, social activities, directory of members, legal services program, health insurance access, grievance procedures, medical insurance, and a continuing round of workshops and seminars."〔 By the 1980s, these had expanded to include political activism,〔 and legal support and fundraising, most famously for founding member Kitty Kelley from 1983 to 1984, when she was sued by Frank Sinatra in an attempt to stop her publication of his unauthorized biography, ''His Way''.〔("Writer Gets Notice of Sinatra Suit" ), Associated Press, ''The Free Lance–Star'', November 7, 1983, page 9. Online at Google News.〕〔("Author of controversial Bush book gets warm D.C. reception" ), by Chris Otts, Scripps Howard Foundation Wire, September 20, 2004.〕〔("Kitty Kelley and Her Fans: The Untold Story" ), by Richard Leiby, ''Washington Post'', September 19, 2004; Page D03.〕〔(''His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra'' ), Kitty Kelley, foreword. Online at Google Books.〕 The group changed its name to American Independent Writers (AIW) on July 1, 2008, to open up more opportunities for grants and donations.〔("How a Small, Regional Association Went National in 18 Months" ), by Cecilia Sepp, ''Associations Now'', September 2009, Feature. Retrieved 2011-11-29.〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Independent Writers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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